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[[ܠܦܦܐ:Estrangela.jpg|thumb|300px|ܟܬܒܐܕܦܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܢ [[ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ]] ܒ[[ܡܨܪܝܢ]] ܡܢ ܕܪܐ ܕܬܫܥܐ ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ]]
'''ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ''' ܐܘ '''ܐܪܡܐܝܬܐܪܡܝܬ''' (ܐܪܡܝܐ܄ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܘ ארמית ܐܘ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ) ܗܘ ܟܢܫܐ ܕ[[ܠܫܢܐ (ܡܡܠܠܐ)|ܠܫܢ̈ܐ]] ܐܘ ܕ[[ܠܥܙܐ|ܠܥܙ̈ܐ]] ܥܡ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕ3000ܕܬܠܬܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܐ܂ܐܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ. ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ܂ܘܕܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ. ܥܡ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ]]܄ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܕ[[ܣܦܪܐ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ|ܕܢܝܐܝܠ]] ܘܘܕ[[ܣܦܪܐ ܥܙܪܐ|ܥܙܪܐ]] ܘܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܚܕܢܝܐ ܕ[[ܬܠܡܘܕ]]܂. ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕ[[ܝܫܘܥ|ܝܫܘܥ ܢܨܪܝܐ]]܂. ܝܘܡܢܐ܄ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ܄ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܄ܘܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ܄ܘܕܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܘܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ܀ܘܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ܀
ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܕܫܪܒܬܐ ܕ[[ܠܫܢܐ ܐܦܪܘ-ܐܣܝܝܐ|ܠܫܢܐ ܐܦܪܘ-ܐܣܝ̈ܝܐ]] ܫܪܒܬܐ܂. ܒܗܕܐ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܗܘ ܓܘܒܫܪܒܬܐ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ]] ܫܪܒܬܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ܂ ܓܘܙܥܘܪܬܐ ܕ[[ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ|ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ]]. ܫܪܒܬܐܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܓܘܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܓܪܒܝܐ-ܡܥܪܒܐܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ ܠܫܢܐܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܫܝܡܝܐܓܪ̈ܒܝܝܐ ܥܡ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܟܢܥܢܝܐ|ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܟܢܥܢ̈ܝܐ]] (ܕܘܡܝܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ|ܥܒܪܝܐ]] ܘܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ|ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ]])܂. ܟܬܒܢܟܬܘܒ ܕܠܫܢܐܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܒܐܪܒܥ [[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ|ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ]]: ܒ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ]]܄ ܘܒ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]]܄ ܘܒ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ]]܄ ܘܘܒ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܡܢܕܝܐܡܢܕܐܝܐ]]܀
== ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ ==
ܒ[[ܫܢܬܐܕܪܐ ܡܐܐ ܕ12ܕܬܪܥܣܪ ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ]] [[ܐܢܫܐܥܡܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ|ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ]] ܥܠܘܢܥܠܘ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܐ ܝܘܡܢܐܕܝܘܡܢܐ ܕ[[ܣܘܪܝܐ]]܄ ܘ[[ܥܝܪܐܩ]]܄ ܘ[[ܛܘܪܩܝܐ]] ܡܕܢܚܐܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ (ܓܪܒܝܐ ܕ[[ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ|ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ]] ܓܪܒܝܐ)܂. ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܦܪܣ ܥܠ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܕ[[ܕܩܠܬ]]܂. ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܥܠܝ̈ܢܐܝܬܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܓܪܒܝܐܠܓܪܒܝܐ ܕ[[ܐܦܪܝܩܐ]] ܘܘܠ[[ܐܘܪܘܦܐ (ܝܒܫܬܐ)|ܐܘܪܘܦܐ]]܄ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐܘܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܥܠܝ̈ܢܐܝܬܘ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܠ ܠ[[ܦܪܣ]]܄ ܘܠ[[ܗܢܕܘ]]܄ ܘܘܠ[[ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)|ܨܝܢ]]܂. ܡܢ [[ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐܕܪܐ ܕ12ܕܬܪܥܣܪ ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ]]܄ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܡܗܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܗܘܐ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ]]܂ ܐܠܐ܄ܐܠܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܬܘܕܝܬܢܬܐܬܘܕܝܬܢܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ܄ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܡܢܕ̈ܝܐ܄ܘܕܡܢܕ̈ܐܝܐ ܘܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ܀ܘܕܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ܀
=== ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ===
ܐܪܡܝܐ ܠܐ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܠܫܢܐ܄ܠܫܢ ܐܠܐ ܠܫܢ̈ܐܟܢܫܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ܂ܕܠܥܙ̈ܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ. ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܐܪܝܟܬܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ܄ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܟܬܒܐܘܟܬܒܗ ܪܒܐ܄ܪܒܐ ܘܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܬܘܕܝܬܢܐ ܟܠ ܫܚܠܦܫܚܠܦܘ ܠܫܢܐ܂ܠܫܢܐ. ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ: "[[ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]]" ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ܂ܡܕ̈ܢܚܝܐ. ܣܓܝܥܠ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ[[ܦܪܬ]] ܗܘܦܪܝܫ "ܡܕܢܚܝܐ"ܠܫܢܐ ܐܘܒܠܥܙ̈ܐ "ܡܥܪܒܝܐ"܄ܡܕ̈ܢܚܝܐ ܦܪܣܝܢܘܒܠܥܙ̈ܐ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܥܠ [[ܦܪܬ]]܂ܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ. ܐܦ ܐܝܬ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ("ܐܪܡܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ")܄ ܐܪܡܝܐܘܐܪܡܝܐ ܟܬܒܢܝܐ܄ܟܬܒܢܝܐ ܘܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ܂ܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ. ܫܡܗ̈ܐܦܪܝܫܝܢ ܕܟܠ ܠܫܢ̈ܐܠܥܙ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܡܨܝܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܗܘܐܒܫܡܗ̈ܐ "ܗܫܝܐ"܄ܕܚܕ̈ܬܐ "ܡܨܥܝܐ"܄ܘܕܡܨܥ̈ܝܐ ܘ"ܥܬܝܩܐ" ܙܒܢ̈ܐ܄ ܥܡ "ܡܕܢܚܝܐ" ܘ"ܡܥܪܒܝܐ"܀ܘܕܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ܀
== ܟܬܒܐ ==
ܐܬܐ [[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ]] ܩܕܡܝܐ ܬܐ ܠܗ ܡܢ [[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ]]܂. ܥܡܡܢ ܙܒܢܐ܄ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐܒܬܪ ܦܫ ܠܗ "ܪܒܥܝܐܡܪܒܥ"܂ ܐܝܣܪ̈ܠܝܐܟܬܒܐ ܥܬܝܩܐܕܐܪܡܝܐ. ܐܝܣܪ̈ܐܝܠܝܐ ܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ ܘܐܚܪܢܐܘܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܐܢܫܐܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕ[[ܟܢܥܢ]] ܫܩܠܗܘܢܫܩܠܘ ܗܕܐܠܗܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܠܠܡܟܬܒ ܟܬܒܗܘܢܠܫܢܗܘܢ. ܠܫܢܗܘܢ܂ܡܛܠ ܡܛܠ܄ܕܗܕܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܫܡܗ ܕܗܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܗܘ [[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ]]܂. ܗܢܐ ܗܘܗܢܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܒܐܪܡܝܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܘܐܚܪܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ܀
ܐܚܪܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܥܠ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܼܢܡܢ ܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܗܘ [[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]]܀
ܚܕܐܚܕ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ܄ܗܘ ܕ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܡܢܕܝܐܡܢܕܐܝܐ]]܄ ܡܬܚܫܚܝ̈ܢ ܡܼܢܚܫܝܚ ܡܢܕ̈ܝܐ܀ܠܡܢܕ̈ܐܝܐ܀
ܐܦ ܥܡ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ ܐܝܬ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ ܚܫܚܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܡܢܕܚܫܝܚܝܢ ܐܢܫܐܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܐܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ: [[ܐܢܫܐܥܡܐ ܢܒܛܝܐ|ܢܒܛܝ̈ܐ]] ܒ[[ܦܬܪܐܦܛܪܐ]] ܐܘ ܘ[[ܐܢܫܐܥܡܐ ܬܕܡܘܪܝܐ|ܬܕܡܘܪ̈ܝܐ]] ܒ[[ܬܕܡܘܪ]]܂. ܝܘܡܢܐ܄ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܢܫ ܡܨܐ ܠܡܟܬܒ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܝܐ]] ܡܨ ܟܬܒ ܒ[[ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ]]܀
== ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ==
ܐܝܬ ܬܠܬܐ ܙܒܢ̈ܝܢ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ:
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* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (1100 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠ200 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ) ܥܡ:
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** ܐܪܡܝܐ ܟܬܒܢܝܐ ܕ[[ܬܢܟ]].
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** [[ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ]].
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* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ (200 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1200) ܥܡ:
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** ܟܬܒܐ ܕ[[ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ|ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]].
DateFormat = yyyy
** ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕ[[ܬܠܡܘܕ]] ܘܕ[[ܬܪܓܘܡ]] ܘܕ[[ܡܕܪܫ]].
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical order:reverse
* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ (1200 ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ) ܥܡ:
Period = from:-1200 till:2005
** ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ.
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bar:test from:-1200 till:200 # Old Aramaic
PlotData =
width:15 color:orange
bar:test from:200 till:1200 # Middle Aramaic
PlotData =
width:15 color:yellow
bar:test from:1200 till:2005 # Modern Aramaic
PlotData =
bar:test at:-1200 mark:(line,white)
at:-1200 shift:(10,0) text:ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ12 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܥܠܘܢ ܒܐܪܡ
bar:test at:-1000 mark:(line,white)
at:-1000 shift:(10,0) text:ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ10 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ
bar:test at:-740 mark:(line,white)
at:-740 shift:(10,0) text:740 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܐ ܓܘ ܐܬܘܪ
bar:test at:-500 mark:(line,white)
at:-500 shift:(10,0) text: 500 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܪܝܘܫ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܐܡܪ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܐ
bar:test at:-425 mark:(line,white)
at:-425 shift:(10,0) text:ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ5 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܟܪܛܝܣܐ ܐܠܦܢܬܝܢܝܐ ܡܟܢܐ
bar:test at:-330 mark:(line,white)
at:-331 shift:(10,0) text:331 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܝܘܢܝܬܐ
bar:test at:-246 mark:(line,white)
at:-246 shift:(10,0) text:247 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܐ ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܐܫܟܢܝܬܐ
bar:test at:-169 mark:(line,white)
at:-169 shift:(10,5) text:170 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܣܦܪܐ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܡܟܢܐ
bar:test at:-141 mark:(line,white)
at:-141 shift:(10,0) text:142 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܐ
bar:test at:-49 mark:(line,white)
at:-40 shift:(10,0) text:ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ1 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܬܕܡܘܪ܄ ܦܬܪܐ܄ ܘܒܝܬ-ܐܘܪܗܝܐ
bar:test at:45 mark:(line,white)
at:45 shift:(10,0) text:ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ1 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ
bar:test at:135 mark:(line,white)
at:135 shift:(10,4) text:135 Galilean Aramaic becomes prominent
bar:test at:172 mark:(line,white)
at:172 shift:(10,1) text:172 Tatian's Diatessaron produced
bar:test at:200 mark:(line,white)
at:200 shift:(10,-3) text:3rd c. Targum composition
bar:test at:224 mark:(line,white)
at:224 shift:(10,-8) text:224 Classical Mandaic emerges
bar:test at:306 mark:(line,white)
at:306 shift:(10,-1) text:c. 306 Ephrem born, Syriac golden age
bar:test at:431 mark:(line,white)
at:431 shift:(10,0) text:431 Nestorian schism of Aramaic Christians
bar:test at:435 mark:(line,white)
at:435 shift:(10,-9) text:c. 435 Peshitta Syriac Bible produced
bar:test at:637 mark:(line,white)
at:637 shift:(10,0) text:637 Arabic ascendancy
bar:test at:700 mark:(line,white)
at:700 shift:(10,0) text:700 Talmud completed
bar:test at:1258 mark:(line,black)
at:1258 shift:(10,0) text:1258 Mongols sack Baghdad
bar:test at:1290 mark:(line,black)
at:1290 shift:(10,-5) text:13th c. Zohar published in Spain
bar:test at:1650 mark:(line,black)
at:1650 shift:(10,0) text:17th c. School of Alqosh flourishes
bar:test at:1836 mark:(line,black)
at:1836 shift:(10,0) text:1836 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic first in print
bar:test at:1915 mark:(line,black)
at:1915 shift:(10,4) text:1915 Persecution in Turkey
bar:test at:1951 mark:(line,black)
at:1951 shift:(10,2) text:1951 Aramaic Jews move to Israel
bar:test at:1998 mark:(line,black)
at:1998 shift:(10,0) text:1998 last speakers of Mlahsô & Bijil die
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ܐܝܬ ܬܠܬܐ ܙܒܢܐ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ:
* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (1100 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܕܡܐ 200 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ)܄ ܥܡ:
** ܐܪܡܝܐ ܟܬܒܢܝܐ ܕ[[ܬܢܟ]]܂
** [[ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ]]܂
* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ (200 ܥܕܡܐ 1200)܄ ܥܡ:
** ܟܬܒܐ ܕ[[ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ|ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]]܂
** ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕ[[ܬܠܡܘܕ]]܄ [[ܬܪܓܘܡ]]܄ ܘ[[ܡܕܪܫ]]܂
* ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܫܝܐ (1200 ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ)܄ ܥܡ:
** ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ܂
ܗܢܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܐܘܣ ܒܝܪ[[#References|*]]܀
== ܡ̈ܠܐܬܘܪܨ ܡܡܠܠܐ ==
ܒܡ̈ܠܐܒܬܘܪܨ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬ:
* ܬܪܝܢ [[ܓܢܣܐ|ܓܢ̈ܣܐ]]:
* ܬܪ̈ܝܢ [[ܓܢܣܐ|ܓܢ̈ܣܝܢ]]:
** [[ܕܟܪܐ]]
** [[ܢܩܒܬܐܕܟܪܢܝܐ]]
** [[ܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ]]
* ܬܪܝܢ [[ܡܢܝܢܐ|ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ]]:
* ܬܪ̈ܝܢ [[ܡܢܝܢܐ|ܡܢܝ̈ܢܝܢ]]:
** [[ܚܕܢܝܐ]]
** [[ܣܓܝܐܢܝܐ]]
* ܬܠܬܐ [[ܦܪܨܘܦܐ|ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܐܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܢ]]:
** [[ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ]]
** [[ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ]]
** [[ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ]]
* ܬܠܬܐ [[ܙܒܢܐ|ܙܒܢ̈ܐܙܒܢ̈ܝܢ]]:
** [[ܙܒܢܐ ܕܥܒܪ]]
** [[ܙܒܢܐ ܕܩܐܡ]]
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